Join OneSearch and CLS Property Insight on Tuesday 12th October for a free webinar detailing Defective Lease Issues in Conveyancing.
This hour long session will help solicitors navigate the complexities of Defective Lease issues and the insurance solutions that help property transactions progress.
Including:
• Claims examples, case studies and likely scenarios
• What insurance policies typically cover
• What information is required to arrange insurance
The webinar will start at 11am, and you can register to attend at this link.
If you cannot make this date, and would like to receive a webinar recording, please click here.
Please be advised of the following price updates from OneSearch, regarding the Homebuyers Protection products. These price updates are effective from 1st October 2021, and are inclusive of VAT:
| OneSearch Insure – Buyer’s Policy | £55.44 |
| OneSearch Insure – Seller’s Policy | £55.44 |
Home Buyers Protection: Failed Residential Transaction Insurance
Moving house is an exciting time for clients. Make sure you protect them from unnecessary stress and expense, in the event of a transaction collapse. Home Buyers Protection: Failed Residential Transaction Insurance is an insurance policy for homebuyers wishing to protect their conveyancing fees and costs.
In an arrangement with leading insurance brokers Northcott Beaton and Hannover Re, homebuyers could be covered against an extensive list of events where a property purchase would fall through subject to policy terms and conditions.
Why do you need it?
Property transactions failing before completion is an ever-present issue, and can be attributed to many factors that have little or no correlation. This is why we suggest you (and your clients’) consider this policy in an effort to provide the highest level of protection against the widest variant of issues.
What’s Covered?
- If the vendor withdraws the property from sale following receipt and acceptance of an alternative offer from another buyer of at least £1,000 more.
- An adverse legal search, which is any entry which either prohibits, or is seriously detrimental to, a successfully completed transaction.
- The mortgage lender’s valuation of the property being less than 90% of the sum you have offered.
- Employers’ relocation not completing. Involuntary unemployment.
- Death, unforeseen illness or bodily injury caused by a sudden or specific accident.
If you have any questions or comments, please email intro@onesearchdirect.co.uk or get in touch with us on 0800 052 0117 and we will be more than happy to assist you.
We are delighted to introduce a new improved NSR Chancel policy with improved cover, which came into effect on 1st August 2021.
The Combined Residential and Commercial NSR Chancel Insurance (up to 2 million pounds) (Successor – Perpetuity) is only £19.86 including VAT and will replace the following products:
- NSR Chancel Insurance (up to 1 million pounds)
- Commercial NSR Chancel Insurance (up to 500 thousand pounds)
- Commercial NSR Chancel Insurance (up to 1 million pounds)
Your account manager will have already been in touch if you’ve been affected by this product change, but if you have any questions or comments, please email intro@onesearchdirect.co.uk or call us on 0800 052 0117 and we will be more than happy to assist you.
Thank you to those who’ve been in touch about our Risk Series, where we examine the top five conveyancing risks in more detail. We’re thrilled you’re enjoying it, and if you’d like us to cover a particular topic, please let us know.
Each week we analyse a different risk, and will discuss further in the Q&A session of our upcoming webinar. Today our focus is on Coal, written by Philip Huddleston MRICS, Director of PinPoint Coal Ltd.
With changed economic and political influences, coal mining has now virtually ceased in the UK. Although there are a few proposals for underground mines in the pipeline (such as the proposal to mine Coking coal in Cumbria), this seems unlikely to change in the near future. Equally, the likelihood of any new quarried coal mining obtaining planning consent is remote. One of the largest operators, Hargeaves, recently announced their intention to wind down operations. Given this, we could be forgiven for asking why a coal search is still necessary? We’ll attempt in this article to explain why.
Mining Types
- Underground Mining. Mining coal below ground causes subsidence. With deep mining this lowering of the surface takes place over a relatively short period of time. This can manifest itself as tension or compression strains resulting in damage to buildings or, quite simply, a lowering of the surface and no damage at all. Shallower workings do not consolidate in the same way and the impact of these can continue for much longer, representing a continued present-day risk. If settlement from shallow workings occurs, it is most likely to manifest itself as a crown hole or sink hole at the surface. In most cases the 1991 Coal Mining Subsidence Act would provide some protection to the landowner. More information here.
- Opencast Mining (quarrying).With the planning system favouring development on brownfield sites, many houses are now being developed on such land. Coal Mining Subsidence legislation is unlikely to cover damage from this source. Any new sites can have an environmental impact.
- Mine Entries (shafts and adits). A past report cannot be relied upon. Following the Lofthouse disasterand the introduction of the Mines (Precautions Against Inrushes) Regulations 1979, a huge number of shafts and adits were researched and added to records. This continues today, with new entries constantly being added or adjusted.
- Coal Mining Geology. Under certain conditions mining can cause rocks near to the surface to have cracked open, leaving open fissures. These can be hidden below the surface deposits, which can fail and fall into the void.
- Subsidence claims. These are a valuable indicator of past damage from all the above sources and may also point to whether remediation has taken place or not.
- Mine gas. Rarely, there can also be issues caused by gas. Mine gas issues take two main forms.
Carbon dioxide and nitrogen combined, known as blackdamp, is produced from coal. This gas is heavier than air and although not poisonous it can cause death by displacing any oxygen. Under certain atmospheric conditions, this gas can rise towards the surface. Any entry to disused workings would be very dangerous and there have been examples of this in the past where people have entered these and suffered the consequences. Thankfully, now all known adits (the main problem) have been secured to prevent accidental access, but this can be as little as placement of a grill at the entrance, and is therefore capable of being removed.
The other more problematical gas is methane. This gas is lighter than air and finds its way to the surface very easily via any conduits present. These can be shafts, adits and crack or fissures in the rock. Again, where any such risks have been identified, remediation work is undertaken by the Coal Authority very often by venting the gas through a flue and in some instances commercially extracted.
Gas issues are reported in coal reports where they are known. It is not possible to predict otherwise where they might occur but properties that are near to shafts or adits, particularly those that have no recorded treatment, are the more likely locations.
The need to have good coal risk information
Coal reports are designed to make a purchaser aware of any risks from coal mining. They are structured around agreed reporting criteria. The criteria we use was designed and agreed by a committee comprising of the Coal Authority, the Law Society, the RICS and the Council of Mortgage Lenders. Their aim being to bring consistency in reporting which prior to the agreement was poor, being left up to the individual surveyor making the report. This had led to inconsistency, error, bad press and of course litigation. The result was the CON29M questions mandated by the Law Society for use where a property transaction was happening in a defined coal mining area.
Quite apart from the recommendation from the Law Society to always make a search it is quite simply a necessity. Past reports cannot be relied upon because even today new information is being added – shafts being a good example of this.
When shafts or adits are recorded as being within 20M of a property, Landmarks Coal Reports include an additional free appendix that looks more closely at the risk and provides an assessment of whether the mine entry can affect the property.
With underground workings the area at the surface affected by subsidence is much greater than the area of worked coal. Predicting the zone of influence is a complex three-dimensional calculation based upon the depth and slope of the workings together with the surface terrain. To the best of our knowledge, only the Coal Authority and PinPoint Coal have been able to produce these which in turn enable them to produce their reports in seconds and always to the same high accuracy.
Landmark Coal Reportsare powered by PinPoint and provide all the standard answers required by the Law Society together with (as appendices) additional information about mine entries and claims when they are reported. The reports are supported by professional opinion from a Chartered Minerals Surveyor.
Obtaining a coal mining report enables the prospective purchaser to be made aware of the risks from coal mining and to see whether there is any history of damage – in other words, where a claim has been made.
If a claim has been made or rejected we can assume that there has been some damage. If the claim was accepted and repairs were carried out then you might want to commission a survey to check if the repairs are of an adequate standard. If compensation was paid instead of repairs you need to know why and what, if anything, was done in relation to the damage. Again, if claims are reported an inclusion of a free additional appendix details the individual claims in the area of the property and provides an opinion of the risk they present.
All Landmark Coal Reports benefit from eye-catching red/green summary providing instant clarity on report’s findings and are driven by Intelligent Algorithms that automatically calculate Zones of Influence to determine risk. In addition they include:
- Informative sections to explain, in an accessible manner, the nature of any risk
- Accurate reporting of risks, even in areas known by The Coal Authority to be problematic
- Technical queries are handled by industry professionals and experts
- Thorough industry knowledge of mining information, its complexities and limitations
- Includes a Professional Opinion on next steps if issues are identified
FREE WEBINAR
How do we achieve more efficient conveyancing?
Efficient and compliant due diligence has never been more vital to a property transaction. How can we obtain and communicate the key information and risks relevant to the transaction in a faster, more concise manner?
Join us for one of two 30-45 minute sessions to discuss how we can help reduce time spent obtaining and reviewing searches, whilst providing greater risk transparency and saving your client money.
We’d be delighted answer any questions you may have. Please email your questions to intro@onesearchdirect.co.uk in advance and they will be answered during the webinar.
If you cannot make either date, and would like to receive a webinar recording, please click here.
Wednesday Aug 11, 2021 11:00 AM BST
Wednesday Aug 18, 2021 11:00 AM BST
Key References:
Welcome to the third instalment in our Risk Series, where we examine the top five conveyancing risks in more detail.
Each week we will analyse a different risk, and will discuss further in the Q&A session of our upcoming webinar. Today our focus is on Planning, written by Allie Parsons, Customer Success Consultant at Landmark Information.
Why does Planning matter?
Change is inevitable. We don’t always like it, and some may oppose it. It’s not really being told about the change that should concern us but how we understand it within the bigger picture and whether that change will have an impact, be that good or bad. Ignoring the future to simply focus on what is the here and now doesn’t help. In a planning context, we need to look at all the detail to ensure we are comfortable with the bearing potential change could make.
Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past and present are certain to miss the future.
John F. Kennedy
Planning is itself a changing beast. The last year created an opportunity for the Government to pursue its desire to update what it sees as out of date, overly complex planning laws, with Covid-19 being the instigator for further development rights to get the economy back on track.
Estimates have put the number of new homes needed in England at up to 345,000 per year (previously quoted of 300,000), considering new household formation and a backlog of existing need for suitable housing. New laws have been laid in Parliament to deliver these new homes as well as revitalise town centres across England and ‘speed up the process’ in doing so. Change is happening.
In April this year, The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (“MHCLG”) detailed a new set of permitted development rights. The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development etc.) (England) (Amendment) Order 2021 came into force on 21 April 2021 introducing a new ‘Class MA’ into the General Permitted Development Order (the “GPDO”) granting deemed planning permission for change of use from commercial and business use (Class E) to Residential (Class C3). This will take effect on 1 August 2021.
The Queens speech 2021, published on 11 May, stated its purpose: ‘to help more people to own their own home whilst enhancing the rights of those who rent. Laws to modernise the planning system, so that more homes can be built, will be brought forward’. (GOV.UK)
A consultation on proposalsfor reform of the planning system in England, which ran from August 2020 to October 2020 is currently being reviewed. The intent is ‘to streamline and modernise the planning process, bring a new focus to design and sustainability, improve the system of developer contributions to infrastructure, and ensure more land is available for development where it is needed’.(GOV.UK)
Of course, there will be those for and against the Government proposals and some with their own ideas of how we amend things, all of which need to be considered in the context of the impact to people and the environment. Whatever the outcome it will mean change.
What does this mean for conveyancers and their homebuyers?
You may wonder whose responsibility it is to look for planning detail – does anyone really want to trudge through numerous applications in case something is changing? Often homebuyers just want the transaction to go through as smoothly and quickly as possible.
As a conveyancer, you may err on the side of caution relying on the seller’s information to understand the proposed purchase property, making sure all work has had permission. Homebuyers, however, have a right to understand any impact, positive or negative, that say a nearby development may have before they commit to a purchase. It is, as we know, one of the biggest purchases we’ll make, so why not investigate thoroughly?
Fruition on applications can take many years, with plans often amended to get them through the final ‘decided/approved’ post. Hence, there is a need surely to uncover past, present, and future plans to understand what’s likely to happen to the area beyond the curtilage of the property purchase. More important is that the extent of any proposed developments is clearly understood regarding any changes that may have an impact on enjoyment or even value. For both parties, surely due diligence is king when it comes to planning.
A preference or indifference to planning proposals in its various forms is very much a personal view. It’s a matter of the detail which is vital to getting what you thought. When deciding that a nearby development with some additional amenities may be ideal for your purposes, you may want to consider the impact that they may have on:
- Infrastructure
- Traffic disruption
- The environment, particularly flooding issues
- What other proposed development is the plan linked to
An example of this is demonstrated in Somerset where it appears the town of Yeovilis expanding out to meet up with what has historically been beautiful rural villages linked mainly by lanes rather than main roads. A scene not dissimilar across the UK.
A particular property for sale (and viewed by a potential homebuyer) sits within a group of 8 properties on the edge of the village, with views over rural land whilst still in a good position to be part of the village and its amenities.
On investigation, they discover that there is one outline application for the erection of up to 185 dwellings. The new development will remove views to North-East, which is one of the selling points of the property. What is almost hidden by the plan and written in small text is that a further application to the West of the development for a further 642 properties has already been approved and will include Infrastructure, access for a local centre and primary school, amendment to link road design, provision of sports and play areas and public open space. The quiet village location suddenly takes a new perspective.
Of course, some may feel this is an exciting and useful addition to the area. Others may see this as not quite the idyllic rural property they were proposing to buy. Conveyancers cannot be expected to know their clients’ views on such matters, so it would be better to find out before completion rather than getting a complaint about misinformation 2 months down the line.
Infrastructure is an important part of development, particularly where an area is proposing growth in population. Not 20 miles from the village mentioned previously, there are plans for yet another new development. The plans, for 252 new homes, may have been accepted by the current residents but the detail reveals that the infrastructure promised in the local plan to support the surrounding properties may now not be included. This is something the residents group feel will have a big impact on the area, claiming that this is a failure and so are opposing the “non-compliance” of the SSDC’s Local Plan. The devil is always in the detail.
Can we avoid missing this information?
In my view there is no reason not to include planning information as part of the required conveyancing searches. Selecting the best one to demonstrate application detail, however, will help avoid missing any key features.
Up until now Planning applications have only ever been displayed as points in planning reports, so there have been questions over data accuracy and the extent of development representation. This then sometimes means a misinterpretation of development scale and size without lots of cross-refencing.
Whilst Landmark still represent the vast majority of small applications by a point, they believe that points are suitable as geo-locators for smaller applications, and now provide data on some of the UK’s large planning applications as polygons (or boundaries).
Where Landmark can supply the polygon data, end users will benefit from a far greater level of insight into the likely extent of some planning applications. This insight increases their understanding of the potential impact, both positive and negative, which the planning application might have on land or property.
The larger the planning application or development, the more practical the use of a polygon or boundary is to locate the site. For example, if a development of 1,000 properties is located as a point, the point could be placed anywhere in the planned development. It could be located some way from the property that your client is buying and not show in a planning report, even if the development is very close to the property. A polygon will show the full extent of the large development and its phases.
The planning polygon dataset is the largest data change in Landmark’s recent history and involved the modification of c. 14 million features. This project was undertaken in the first lockdown months of April to July 2020 and the coverage currently equates to 74% land coverage of England for large planning applications. Converting point to polygon data is an ongoing process so there may be limitations depending on the availability/accessibility of capturing the data, but Landmark continue to work towards increasing land coverage.
The data is unique to Landmark and is available within Landmark Planning, their leading residential planning report as well as Landmark’s all-in-one environmental due-diligence report, RiskView Residential (RVR).
Providing good planning data not only helps conveyancers deliver better insight and due diligence but also make significant time savings. Let’s face it, planning matters. It’s all about change, and change is inevitable.
FREE WEBINAR
How can we make conveyancing more efficient?
Efficient and compliant due diligence has never been more vital to a property transaction. How can we obtain and communicate the key information and risks relevant to the transaction in a faster, more concise manner?
Join OneSearch and Landmark for one of two 30-45 minute sessions to discuss how we can help reduce time spent obtaining and reviewing searches, whilst providing greater risk transparency and saving your client money.
We’d be delighted answer any questions you may have. Please email your questions to intro@onesearchdirect.co.ukin advance and they will be answered during the webinar.
Wednesday Aug 11, 2021 11:00 AM BST
Wednesday Aug 18, 2021 11:00 AM BST
If you cannot make either date, and would like to receive a webinar recording, please click here.
Key References:
https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/queens-speech-2021
https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/planning-for-the-future
Welcome to week two of our Risk Series, where we examine the top five conveyancing risks in more detail.
Each week we will analyse a different risk, and will discuss further in the Q&A session of our upcoming webinar. Today our focus is on Flood Risk, written by Mark Taylor, Channel Manager at Landmark Information and environmental auditor with the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment.
Flood Risk: Are we doing enough to protect ourselves and our assets?
A flood is the most effective and indiscriminate ‘burglar’ there is. It will take everything you have, including items of no value to anyone else.
I’ve not been the victim of a flood myself. My experience of flooding fortunately has been from an armchair. However, as we move to a more hostile and unpredictable climate, it’s impossible to ignore. You only need to look back to last year to see several records broken.
- Feb 2020: wettest February on record dating back to 1862, with 3 storms hitting the UK (Ciara, Dennis, Jorge). Previous record from 1990.
- May 2020: driest May on record (Carbon Brief Ltd, 2021).
- October 2020: 3rd October became the wettest day on record for the UK (Met Office, 2021).
Flooding is not a recent phenomenon. It’s a natural event that would have occurred since rivers graced the landscape. Unfortunately, it’s now something that is ingrained into life for some of us. Its impact on our society in areas of the UK are significant. The causation is simply what would be considered now as poorly planned development, in areas at risk without suitable, sustainable mitigation. Development took precedent over understanding risk and if appropriate, risk management.
It’s not just the location of the development which has been key in increasing flood risk. Settlements characterised by concrete and tarmac have broken the natural hydrological cycle, increasing run-off and preventing infiltration. Watercourse have been over engineered, straightened and diverted into shorter, man-made channels resulting in less volume, higher erosion and higher discharge rates.
The result of this is millions of people and businesses at risk in any given year
Our causation of this issue has left us in a place where flood risk can’t be unacceptable. That stance is now impossible, albeit it could be applied to planning and new developments if we wanted to take a very firm stance. This would be difficult especially with a necessary focus on brownfield development and urban regeneration. Flooding now has to be seen as a scale of risk. What is an acceptable frequency of risk for us to be exposed to?
In reality, this will vary person to person however regulators need to take a stance. Given over 5 million properties are at risk it’s impossible to be so black and white.
In some areas of the country, risk can be argued as being unavoidable. For example, in Boston Borough Council, over 90% of properties located in the borough are deemed to be within a Flood Zone 3 area. This is followed by properties in Kingston upon Hull City Council, South Holland District Council, London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, at c. 90%, 77% and 62% respectively.
It’s important to note that this data only shows the percentage of properties located in a Flood Zone 3 area. It does not comment on any additional precautions taken to mitigate such risks. However, on the counter side of this argument, it also only assesses risk from two mechanisms, fluvial and tidal and omits pluvial (surface water) and groundwater risk areas.
Given both the impact and cost of flooding, are we:
- Taking it seriously enough during the homebuying process?
- Doing enough to protect ourselves from risk where it exists?
Are we taking risk seriously enough?
The scale of risk across the UK is quite a well understood entity. We know that over 5 million properties are at risk of flooding. Less known is that because of the impacts of climate change, some suggest this could increase to 1 in 3 (RIBA, 2021).
Climate change is going to result in increased risk from both a storm ferocity and regularity standpoint and whilst climate change is expected to bring longer, dryer summers, it’s also predicted to result in longer, wetter winters.
Despite this, even considering the scale of risk now, the frequency of events and how they are reported in the media, at the point of buying a home or investment, there is a strong position to argue that the answer to the above question is “No”.
According to the Law Society’s website: Practice notes give you guidance on a range of important legal topics, helping you give your clients the best possible advice. They set out our view of good practice for our members.
The Law Society Practice Note on flood risk has been around since 2013. Despite this, is there still a barrier to understanding flood risk as part of pre-acquisition due diligence?
With less than 30% of residential transactions annually carrying out a proper flood assessment, it seems there might be.
Given the significance of flood risk and the impact it can have on property value, insurance terms and (often overlooked) mental well-being, surely if this was a valued risk the percentage would be a lot higher than 30%? If we look at the commercial market, flood risk is taken a lot more seriously with the percentage of transactions with a full flood assessment closer to 60%. Furthermore, the impact on climate change on flooding is already becoming a talking point amongst the investor community as environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) and sustainability move up the agenda within the industry.
The price of conveyancing inevitably has an impact on the take up of flood reports, due to what is an ever-increasingly competitive market.
To account for this, flood reports that screen risks and are purely based on data dominate the residential market, whereas in the commercial space, combined environmental reports do. While these types of reports, like Landmark’s Envirosearch provide excellent insight into risk, when a risk is identified it’s important that flood risk is assessed and reported in more detail beyond that of basic and limited automation.
However, where I think we need to get to is the view that the small added cost at the beginning shouldn’t be a barrier. A flood report should be an enabler to the transaction especially as its cost will be negligible in comparison to any excess paid on a flood claim, and the disruption to someone’s life.
Are we doing enough to protect ourselves from risk where it exists?
Answering this question is tricky, especially from a legal due diligence standpoint as its remit is providing information on risk to in effect, inform someone else’s decision. Again, people’s appetite to risk will always be intrinsic and balanced against what they perceive the value to be and what is important to them.
One issue skewing this, though, is how risk is often portrayed. For speed and ease of interpretation, too much focus is on providing a simple answer rather than explaining risk. This can be highlighted by what we often assume low risk is. We assume low risk pretty much means no risk and when reported we don’t bother reading further. In fact, low risk maybe as a result of defences and without them, a high risk could exist. As we know all too well in the UK, defences aren’t perfect and low risk areas can and do still flood if they’re reliant on physical barriers holding flood water back.
However, focussing on the question at hand, given the UK’s position on flood risk and that it’s a property owner’s responsibility to protect their property from flooding, do we acknowledge and subsequently act on this?
Yes, the government plays an integral role in managing and reducing risk, the Department of Environment and Rural Affairs (Defra) having overall national responsibility for policy. But do we truly accept responsibility for this issue, and if not, why not?
Within this space I think more can be done by flood risk report providers. However, search providers do need to walk along the fine line, ensuring the needs of the industry are met (short, concise and clear), as well as discussing the key mechanisms for managing risk set out in the Law Society Practice Note, and insurance.
Insurance is vital in managing flood risk. It plays an intricate part in flood risk management, even more so since Flood Re was established to provide cover for those at greatest risk. However, insurance is still only reactive, only relevant once the impact and disruption of flooding has already happened. Really, more proactive measures need to be taken to aid insurance to not just manage risk exposure, but to reduce its overall economic and human impact.
Many of us happily invest in smoke alarms and security locks to protect ourselves against fires or thefts; but if you live in a floodplain, you’re far more likely to be flooded than have your belongings lost in a fire. Yet, when it comes to flooding, we don’t seem to value the risk in the same way and as a result, prepare.
What is within the Conveyancer’s control?
There’s more within our control than perhaps we think. Not all environmental or flood risk searches provide the same level of quality to the conveyancer. This fact is often overlooked, which is understandable if you’ve ever held two searches up together and tried to understand the differences.
Flood data itself has come on leaps and bounds from where it was only a decade ago. However more importantly, the interpretation of data in flood risk reports provided by the likes of Landmark and Argyll Environmental have also evolved dramatically.
One thing a conveyancer can do before affirming a policy on searches, especially in regard to flood risk is ask the question: Where has this assessment come from?
Yes, data plays an integral part and is the foundation of environmental reports. However, an assessment and the advice within should come from interpretation. From a consultant. This is what is unique to Landmark residential flood reports. This is the real value in an assessment at any level.
As standard, Landmark flood reports offer a manual review of data by a consultant where a high risk may exist, at no extra cost. This is within both the Landmark Flood report and the market leading All-in-One environmental report, RiskView Residential.
This ensures that, as a conveyancer, you’re only ever providing property specific and accurate flood assessments to your clients, provided by experts in flood risk data.
FREE WEBINAR
RiskView Residential: Efficient environmental due diligence
The stamp duty holiday created huge, unsustainable pressure on the conveyancing industry.
One key topic that has arisen from it is: how do we achieve more efficient conveyancing? How can we obtain and communicate the key information and risks relevant to the transaction in a faster, more concise manner?
Join OneSearch and Landmark for one of two 30-45 minute sessions to discuss how we can help reduce time spent obtaining and reviewing searches, whilst providing greater risk transparency and saving your client money.
We’d be delighted answer any questions you may have. Please email your questions to intro@onesearchdirect.co.ukin advance and they will be answered during the webinar.
Wednesday Aug 11, 2021 11:00 AM BST
Wednesday Aug 18, 2021 11:00 AM BST
If you cannot make either date, and would like to receive a webinar recording, please click here.
Key References:
- https://www.carbonbrief.org/met-office-why-the-uk-saw-record-breaking-rainfall-in-february-2020
- https://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/2020/10/16/rainfall-on-uks-wettest-day-on-record-could-have-more-than-filled-loch-ness/#:~:text=Office%20news%20team-,Rainfall%20on%20UK’s%20wettest%20day%20on%20record,more%20than%20filled%20Loch%20Ness&text=Saturday%203%20October%202020%20is,on%20the%2025%20August%201986.
- https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/knowledge-landing-page/uk-must-build-flood-resilient-homes-says-riba